Aviation Terms and Definitions

Scud Running This occurs when a pilot tries to maintain visual contact with the terrain at low altitudes while instrument conditions exist. Induction System Ice Not all aircraft ice is structural; induction icing is the cause of many accidents. PAPIs Precision approach path indicators light units similar to the VASI but are installed in a single row of either two or four light units. Steady red Stop or Give way to other aircraft and continue circling Runway Incursion ADDS Aviation Digital Data Service SIGMET An in-flight weather advisory that is considered significant to all aircraft. SIGMET criteria include severe icing, severe and extreme turbulence, duststorms, sandstorms, volcanic eruptions, and volcanic ash that lower visibility to less than 3 miles. Taxi to In the absence of holding instructions, a clearance to “taxi to” any point other than an assigned takeoff runway is a clearance to cross all runways that intersect the taxi route to that point. It does not include authorization to taxi onto or cross the assigned takeoff runway at any point. Vacuum Failures Vacuum pump failures are one of the most common squawks in general aviation aircraft. But pilots don't train enough for this possibility, and the training they get is often inadequate. DUAT Direct User Access Terminal system False Horizon When the only or most distinct visual reference is a cloud formation, it can be confused with the horizon or the ground. A sloping cloud deck that extends into a pilot's peripheral vision will appear to be horizontal.

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	Did You Know?
	Commercial pilots must be at least 18 years old and have a minimum of 250 hours of flight time 190 hours under Part 141, including 100 hours in powered aircraft, 50 hours in airplanes, 100 hours as pilot in command (of which 50 hours must be cross-country flight time). They must hold an instrument rating (or be restricted to flying for hire only in daylight, under visual flight rules, within 50 miles of the originating airport). They may fly for hire in accordance with applicable parts of the Federal Aviation Regulations.